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Pages
- Title
- Civilians Vote in Presidential Elections
- Date
- 1984-03-25
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A woman places her ballot after voting in the national presidential elections in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 25, 1984. José Napoleón Duarte of the Partido Demócrata Cristiano, PDC, was elected president after a second run-off election that ended on May 12, 1984. This victory can be largely attributed to the more than $3 million in aid, both overt and covert, provided by the United States to finance the elections in an effort to produce a moderate reformist government compliant with Washington’s interests.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Politics; Elections; Voting; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0181_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96648
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1984 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Col. Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez In Department Of Cabañas
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2, points to a map describing FMLN guerrilla movement and infiltration routes at the military headquarters in Sensuntepeque, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa's command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0152_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96280
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Col. Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez In Department Of Cabañas
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2, stands in a hallway at the military headquarters in Sensuntepeque, Cabañas department, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa’s command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0043_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96510
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez Speaks In Sesuntepeque, Cabañas
- Date
- 1984-09-30
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Colonel Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez, former commander of the counterinsurgency unit Destacamiento Militar 2 and current head of the Fourth Brigade, speaks at a public gathering in Sensuntepeque, El Salvador, September 30, 1984. In 2015, the release of CIA documents related to the armed conflict proved Ochoa's command responsibility in the November 1981 massacre of the civilian population of Santa Cruz in the department of Cabañas. In December of 2019 he was placed under investigation in Salvadoran court for corruption charges related to his role as ambassador to Honduras from 2005-2009.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Military; Counterinsurgency; Military aid; United States foreign policy; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Sigifredo Ochoa Pérez
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0120_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96248
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1984 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Death Squad Victims Covered Bodies
- Date
- 1982-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A group of residents look underneath a sheet covering two bodies killed and dumped by a right-wing death squad on the outskirts of San Salvador, El Salvador, February 1, 1982. Death squads in El Salvador emerged from the paramilitary groups Organización Democrática Nacionalista, National Democratic Organization, ORDEN, and Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Salvadoreña, National Security Agency of El Salvador, ANSESAL, founded in the early 1960s with funding and administrative assistance from the C.I.A. and U.S. agents during the Kennedy administration. In the civil war the death squads were organized primarily by the right-wing landowning oligarchy and members of the political and military elite, including founder of the political party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, National Republican Alliance, ARENA, Roberto D’Aubuisson.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Daily life; Civilian casualties; Death squads; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Human rights violations; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0017_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96484
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Exterior view of United Nations Human Rights Council in Estelí
- Date
- Jun-91
- Creator
- Child, Jack
- Publisher
- American University Library. Archives and Special Collections.
- Subject
- Buildings -- Nicaragua; International agencies -- Nicaragua; Nicaragua -- Description and travel; Nicaragua -- Pictorial works
- Local Identifier
- JCSL_3659
- Type
- color slide
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/JCSL_3659
- Rights statement
- Reproduction and copyright information regarding this image is available from the American University Library -- Special Collections.
- Title
- Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
- Date
- 1982-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0032_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96881
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
- Date
- 1982-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0038_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96887
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
- Date
- 1982-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0039_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96888
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Guatemalan Army Soldiers Travel Through Guerrilla Ambush Territory
- Date
- 1982-02-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Guatemalan army soldiers armed with Israeli Galil assault rifles travel in a U.S.-manufactured troop transport through possible guerrilla ambush territory outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0042_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96891
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- José Napoleón Duarte After 1982 Election
- Date
- 1982-03-28
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- President of the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta, JRG, José Napoleón Duarte addresses a press conference following the presidential election in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1982. National elections were called to transition power from the JRG to a provisional civilian president. The Constituent Assembly elected Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja to succeed Duarte on May 2, 1982.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC); José Napoleón Duarte; Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno (JRG); Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- José Napoleón Duarte
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0052_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96180
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- José Napoleón Duarte After 1982 Election
- Date
- 1982-03-28
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- President of the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno, Revolutionary Government Junta, JRG, José Napoleón Duarte addresses a press conference following the presidential election in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 28, 1982. National elections were called to transition power from the JRG to a provisional civilian president. The Constituent Assembly elected Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja to succeed Duarte on May 2, 1982.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Government; Politics; Elections; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC); José Napoleón Duarte; Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno (JRG); Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- José Napoleón Duarte
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0053_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96181
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Journalists In San Vicente, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Three journalists working for international media, UPI reporter Michael Drudge, left, UPI photographer Ivan Montecinos, center, and Newsweek photographer John Hoagland, right, stand for a photograph in San Vicente, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. The three journalists were reporting on recent programs by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in San Vicente.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Michael Drudge; Ivan Montecinos; John Hoagland
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0207_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96335
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Laborers And USAID In Berlin, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A group of laborers and their families gather to receive food allotments as part of a work-for-pay-and-food construction program sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in Berlin, Usulután department, El Salvador, April 1983. USAID efforts in El Salvador were dramatically shaped by U.S. geopolitical concerns during the Cold War. Social and economic programs served as both humanitarian relief and a counterinsurgency strategy of pacification that was refined from its previous employment during the Vietnam War.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; Development; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0077_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96544
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Letter from Arnoldo Ramos to Letitia Gomez
- Date
- 1993-10-04
- Creator
- Ramos, Arnoldo
- Description
- Letter from Arnoldo Ramos, executive director of the Council of Latino Agencies, to Letitia Gomez of ENLACE. The letter summarizes the action plan created at the September Latino Summit aimed at forming a collaborative Consejo.
- Subject
- Gay activists -- Washington (D.C.); Hispanic American gays -- Washington (D.C.); Hispanic American lesbians -- Washington (D.C.); Council of Latino Agencies; Latino communities -- Washington (D.C.); LGBTQ+ Latinx; Hispanic LGBTQ+ people
- Local Identifier
- SC_ENLACE_correspondence_0035
- Type
- letters (correspondence)
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:98363
- Rights statement
- Reproduction and copyright information regarding this item is available from the American University Library -- Archives and Special Collections.
- Title
- Local Photographer In Rural Huehuetenango
- Date
- 1982-09-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A local photographer prepares to take a picture in a rural town in Huehuetenango department, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
- Subject
- Central America; Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Daily life; Indigenous peoples; Maya peoples; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0094_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96943
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Mario Sandoval Alarcón In Guatemala City
- Date
- 1982-03-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Presidential candidate Mario Sandoval Alarcón, the leader of the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional, National Liberation Movement, MLN, speaks to media during an interview in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 1, 1982. Sandoval was one of the CIA's leading protégés in the 1954 coup to overthrow democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz. Known as the "godfather" of the Central American death squads, he trained the notorious Salvadoran Roberto D'Aubuisson along with other paramilitary and death squad leaders. Sandoval was a leader and organizer of the Guatemalan chapter of the World Anti-Communist Leage (WACL), which served as an international lobby for covert and paramilitary operations including funding for the contras in Nicaragua and Operation Condor in the Southern Cone.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Politics; Government; Elections; Cold War; Coup d'état; Military; Death squads; Counterinsurgency; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Movimiento de Liberación Nacional (MLN); Mario Sandoval Alarcón
- Country
- Guatemala
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Mario Sandoval Alarcón
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_nb_0063_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96788
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Mario Sandoval Alarcón Interviewed After Coup By Ríos Montt
- Date
- 1982-03-24
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Mario Sandoval Alarcón, the candidate from the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional, National Liberation Movement, MLN, in the 1982 presidential elections, is interviewed by journalists following a military coup d'état the previous day in Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 24, 1982. Sandoval was one of the CIA's leading protégés in the 1954 coup to overthrow democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz. Known as the "godfather" of the Central American death squads, he trained the notorious Salvadoran Roberto D'Aubuisson along with other paramilitary and death squad leaders. Sandoval was a leader and organizer of the Guatemalan chapter of the World Anti-Communist Leage (WACL), which served as an international lobby for covert and paramilitary operations including funding for the contras in Nicaragua and Operation Condor in the Southern Cone.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; Politics; United States foreign policy; Coup d'état; Military; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Cold War; Dictatorship; Mario Sandoval Alarcón
- Country
- Guatemala
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Mario Sandoval Alarcón
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_ct_0061_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96910
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- On The Outskirts Of Guatemala City
- Date
- 1982-01-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A young man rides his horse through farm land near the outskirts of Guatemala City, Guatemala, January 1, 1982. In 1954, U.S. economic interests and the United Fruit Company's influence in Guatemala were threatened by nationalist reforms proposed by President Jacobo Árbenz. Invoking Cold War fears of the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere, the CIA orchestrated a coup d'état to install a succession of military regimes. Before and during the 36-year civil war that began in 1960, the United States government financed and trained Guatemalan military and security forces responsible for state-sanctioned violence against political opponents, guerrilla insurgents, and civilians.
- Subject
- Guatemala; Civil war; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Human rights violations; Daily life; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Country
- Guatemala
- Local Identifier
- guatemala_nb_0046_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96771
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Peter Burleigh Interview, September 24, 2021
- Date
- September 24, 2021
- Creator
- Peter Burleigh; Audrey Barnett
- Description
- Audrey Barnett interviews Peter Burleigh. In the virtual interview, Peter starts by describing his time working for the State Department and concurrently coming out in his personal life as gay. He then transitions into discussing his experiences with HIV/AIDS in DC, including his partner's diagnosis as positive and Peter's role as a caregiver. Peter explains that he publicly came out when writing his partner's obituary, making him the first "career person" in the Foreign Service to come out. The conversation then moves to Peter's time as an openly gay FSO and challenges he faced after his partner's death.
- Subject
- HIV; AIDS; gay and lesbian; Fulbright Grant; Foreign Service; Linda Thomas-Greenfield; United Nations; H.W. Bush Administration; Peace Corps; Jill Strachan; FBI; State Department; Clinton Administration; Reagan Administration; Gay and Lesbian in Foreign Affairs Agencies (GLIFAA); Brian Dalton; Personnel Department; Anthony Fauci; LGBT; Food and Friends; Florida; vaccine; Lesbian and Gay Chorus of Washington; Washington Blade; Iraq Wars; gender roles; African American; Black; white; Meals on Wheels; gay pride
- Country
- United States
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/humanitiestruck:3251
- Rights statement
- Copyright for this object is held by American University and does not preclude any use the co-interviewee(s) may want to make of the information in the recordings themselves. This object is made available through the American University Digital Research Archive for research and educational purposes. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the object beyond the bounds of Fair Use must be obtained from the American University Library -- Archives and Special Collections.